高考Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

即使机器被回收利用，有害金属被清除，回收过程也常常在穷国进行，几乎不受控制，使许多有毒物质逃逸到环境中。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

四级Caffeine, a substance found in coffee and some soft drinks, is also a drug.

咖啡因是咖啡和一些软饮料中的一种物质，也是一种药物。

2015年12月听力原文

四级In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.

相反，“研究人员继续说，”许多不假设人们做出理性选择的规定已经成功地应用于控制酒精，一种类似食物的物质，过度消费会导致严重的健康问题。

2013年6月阅读原文

六级Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice.

在从冰下固体物质中采集的样本中。

2010年12月听力原文

六级a parent, relative, friend, or doctor outside the family, had higher self-esteem, higher grades, and lower substance use than peers whose role models were sports figures, singers, or other media characters.

父母、亲戚、朋友或家庭以外的医生比那些以体育明星、歌手或其他媒体人物为榜样的同龄人有更高的自尊、更高的分数和更少的物质使用。

2013年6月阅读原文

四级A drug is a chemical substance.

药物是一种化学物质。

2015年12月听力原文

四级These microplastics included a substance commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and liquid containers.

这些微塑料包括一种通常称为PET的物质，广泛用于制造服装、食品和液体容器。

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section A

六级Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.

一些名牌咖啡含有有害物质。

2010年12月听力原文

六级Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice

从冰下固体物质中采集的样本中

2010年12月听力原文

六级That’s why I’ve rid my cupboard of microwave food packed in bags coated with a potential cancer-causing substance, but although I’ve lived blocks from a major fault line(地质断层) for more than 12 years, I still haven’t bolted our bookcases to the living room wall.

这就是为什么我把装在包里的微波食品从橱柜里拿出来的原因，包里包着一种潜在的致癌物质，但尽管我住的地方离一条主要的断层线很远(地质断层) 12年多了，我仍然没有把我们的书架栓在客厅的墙上。

2009年12月英语六级真题

六级As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters.

作为工作的一部分，她对环境中的有毒物质进行了实地研究，通常是在大型工业污染源附近的少数民族社区。

2009年12月英语六级真题

六级She found many families were being exposed to high, sometimes deadly levels of chemicals and other toxic substances.

她发现，许多家庭都暴露在高水平、有时甚至致命的化学物质和其他有毒物质中。

2009年12月英语六级真题

四级Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery.

奶油和黄油含有几乎相同的物质，所以为什么奶油会更快地变酸一直是个谜。

2000年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).

加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）的一组研究人员认为，糖对健康的风险足够大，应该像酒精和烟草一样被视为受控物质。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance like food--of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. "

“相比之下，”研究人员继续说道，“许多不认为人们会做出理性选择的规定已经成功地应用于控制酒精，这是一种与食物类似的物质，过度饮酒会导致严重的健康问题。”

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

四级“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.

“相比之下，”研究人员继续说道，“许多不假设人们做出理性选择的法规已经成功地应用于控制酒精，这种物质与食物一样，过度消费会导致严重的健康问题。”。

2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. "

“相比之下，”研究人员继续说道，“许多不假设人们做出理性选择的法规已经成功地应用于控制酒精，这种物质与食物一样，过度消费会导致严重的健康问题。”

2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题

考研In other words mineral substances which are found on the earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.

换言之，在地球上发现的矿物物质必须通过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆炸或类似的操作来提取，从而为我们提供这些物质。

1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Some minerals, for example coal and oil, were originally living substances; others, like iron, never had life.

一些矿物，例如煤和石油，最初是有生命的物质；其他人，像铁一样，从来没有生命。

1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研A stage in human civilization is often called by the name of the substance mainly used at that stage: the Stone Age, the Iron Age, and so on.

人类文明的一个阶段通常被称为主要用于该阶段的物质的名称：石器时代、铁器时代等等。

1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.

在他发现抗菌物质之前，他对这些物质进行了九年的实验。

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.

从技术上讲，除了食物之外，任何改变我们身体或精神功能的物质都是药物。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.

他们没有意识到熟悉的物质，如酒精和烟草也是毒品。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists.

这就是为什么现在许多医生和心理学家使用更中性的术语“物质”的原因。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

“药物滥用”一词经常被用来代替“毒品滥用”，以表明酒精和烟草等物质的滥用可能与海洛因和可卡因一样有害。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

我们生活在一个物质（药物）在医疗和社会上的使用无处不在的社会：一片阿司匹林可以缓解头痛，一些葡萄酒可以社交，咖啡可以在早上起床，一支香烟可以舒缓神经。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses?

这些社会可接受的、明显具有建设性的物质使用何时会成为滥用？

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.

首先，大多数过量服用的物质都会产生负面影响，如中毒或强烈的感知扭曲。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.

重复使用某种物质也可能导致身体成瘾或物质依赖。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

依赖性首先表现为耐受性增加，产生所需效果所需的物质越来越多，然后在停止使用该物质时出现令人不快的戒断症状。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.

影响中枢神经系统并改变感知、情绪和行为的药物（物质）被称为精神活性物质。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.

精神活性物质通常根据它们是兴奋剂、镇静剂还是致幻剂来分类。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.

这些物质通常被称为迷幻药（来自希腊语，意为“精神表现”），因为它们似乎从根本上改变了一个人的意识状态。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题