考研“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

一位研究人员表示：“我们估计，要么消除童工等重大劳动权利问题，要么将企业捐赠增加20%左右，其罚款通常比贿赂外国官员的典型惩罚低40%。”。

2016年考研阅读原文

考研"We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one

“我们估计，要么消除大量劳工权利问题，如童工，要么将企业捐赠增加20%左右，结果导致罚款通常比贿赂外国官员的典型惩罚低40%，”一位官员表示

2016年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级According to geologists' estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.

根据地质学家的估计，南极洲拥有巨大的石油和天然气储量。

2016年12月阅读原文

考研The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.

根据咨询公司EPG的估计，美国和英国最大的公司每年在企业社会责任方面的支出总计超过150亿美元。

2016年考研阅读原文

六级Energy Usage: Energy is an essential resource across the entire food production cycle, with estimates showing an average of 7-10 calories of input being required in the production of one calorie of food.

能源使用：能源是整个食品生产周期的基本资源，据估计，生产一卡路里食品平均需要7-10卡路里的投入。

2013年12月阅读原文

考研In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

此外，公司用于评估关系的计算机程序可能获得专利，不受同行审查或外部评估的约束。

2009年考研阅读原文

六级We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago and meanwhile they mostly lost their coat of fur.

我们可以从化石记录中做出一个很好的估计，人类大概在一百五十万年前进化出了裸露的皮肤，而与此同时，他们大部分都失去了皮毛。

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it's especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.

虽然对碳排放造成的损害的其他估计各不相同，而且很难估算可能发生的灾难性气候事件的可能成本，但大多数估计都表明了巨大的负面影响。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU.

这是这项新的微波炉研究估计的欧盟所有微波炉年排放量的10倍。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

考研In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.

1869年12月，国会任命了一个委员会，负责为新的国务院大楼选址、编制计划和成本估算。

2018年考研阅读原文

六级For example, the United Nations Children's Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Ni o ( ' , 厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades.

例如，联合国儿童基金会估计，由于厄尔尼诺现象最严重，非洲约有1100万儿童面临饥饿、疾病和水资源短缺，厄尔尼诺) 几十年来的天气现象。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr.Williams's salary, professional standing, and educational background.

在没有其他事情可做的情况下，他们被要求估算威廉姆斯先生的工资、职业地位和教育背景。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.

尽管评估结果差异很大，但地质学家估计南极洲至少拥有360亿桶石油和天然气。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.

它的粗略估计意在引起世界领导人的注意。

2011年6月阅读原文

考研It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a to

诚然，首席执行官的薪酬上涨了。顶尖企业的平均薪酬可能是普通员工的300倍，而自20世纪70年代中期以来，美国大型上市公司首席执行官的薪酬，根据不同的估计，已经上涨了500%左右，相当于一个国家的典型首席执行官

2020年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber.

合著者艾米·赞恩认为，用户可能包括希望估算生物量中储存多少碳的气候变化研究人员，以及寻找不同等级木材信息的林业工作者。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

新的水资源储量估计现在达到27000亿立方米淡水。

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

考研Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens一-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands - once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States.

生物学家估计，多达200万只小草原鸡一-一种生活在绵延的草原上的鸟，曾使美国中西部和西南部的灰色景观呈现红色。

2016年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.

乔治华盛顿大学前校长斯蒂芬·特雷斯登伯格（Stephen Trachtenberg）估计，一所典型的学院在一个日历年的一半多一点的时间里将其设施用于学术目的。

2012年6月阅读原文

六级Energy Usage: Energy is an essential resource across the entire food production cycle, with estimates showing an average of 7-10 calories of input being required in the production of one calorie of food

能源使用：能源是整个食品生产周期的基本资源，据估计，生产一卡路里食品平均需要7-10卡路里的投入

2013年12月阅读原文

四级However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates.

然而，监督报告撰写的Dalberg Global Development Partners社会科学家索伦·安德里亚森（Soren Andreasen）为报告进行了辩护，他说，很明显，这些数字是粗略估计的。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级The department of Environmental Conservation estimates the optimum population at 60.

环境保护部估计最佳人口为60人。

2013年12月听力原文

四级To help quantify ( ' , 量化 ) the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger ( ' , 汉堡包 ).

要帮助量化（'，量化 ) 关于不良饮食的成本，我最近试图用一种最著名的食物——汉堡包来估计这一影响，汉堡包 ).

2015年12月阅读原文

四级To help quantify the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger.

为了帮助量化不良饮食的成本，我最近试图用一种最著名的食物——汉堡来估计这种影响。

2015年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级It's difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling where children are not sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents.

很难估计参与家庭教育的青少年人数，因为他们的孩子没有被送到学校接受父母一方或双方的正规教育。

2013年12月听力原文

六级For example, the United Nations Children's Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El nio weather phenomenon in decades.

例如，联合国儿童基金会估计，由于几十年来最严重的厄尔尼诺现象，非洲约有1100万儿童面临饥饿、疾病和水资源短缺。

2017年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product.

事实上，据一些估计，父母对子女的投资、时间和金钱的投资（包括工资损失）相当于国内生产总值的20—30%。

2010年6月阅读原文

六级In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product

事实上，据一些估计，父母对子女的投资、时间和金钱的投资（包括损失的工资）相当于国内生产总值的20-30%

2010年6月阅读原文

四级Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders

它的粗略估计意在引起世界领导人的注意

2011年6月阅读原文

六级We cannot estimate that yet.

我们还无法估计。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Among the government's most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spend on their children.

政府最有趣的报告之一是估算父母在孩子身上的支出。

2013年12月阅读原文

六级A wandering mind! By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours?

心不在焉！据估计，人们会在醒着的时候做将近一半的白日梦吗？

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

六级Among the government’s most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spend on their children.

政府最有趣的报告之一是估计父母在孩子身上的花费。

2013年12月六级考试真题（三）

六级” With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams’s salary, professional standing, and educational background.

“在没有其他事情可做的情况下，他们被要求评估威廉姆斯先生的薪水、职业地位和教育背景。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（二）

六级For example， this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of levels， but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.

例如，这一计算将英国的经济福利水平定为97%，但估计墨西哥的福利水平为22%。

2018 年 6 月6级真题第3套

六级The government estimates that more than 7 million people hold a second job.

政府估计有700多万人从事第二份工作。

2007年6月英语六级真题

四级The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.

工程师们必须知道深度剖面(起伏形状) 以估计必须制造的电缆长度。

1990年1月英语四级真题

四级Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems.

国家资源保护委员会坚持政府估计的低端，表示ANWR沿海平原的经济可采石油可能不超过32亿桶，这只是杯水车薪，对缓解美国的能源问题几乎没有任何帮助。

2005年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year.

美国总会计局最近的一份报告估计，每年有多达75万美国人成为身份盗窃的受害者。

2007年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)" However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates.

但他说，这份报告“将损害应对气候变化和灾害的行动理由，因为它存在严重缺陷(有瑕疵的)"

2011年6月英语四级考试真题

四级College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher.

现在，大学毕业生的收入比只有高中文凭的人高出80%，尽管没有确切的估计，但工资溢价(高出的部分) 对于一所优秀的学校来说似乎更高。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

四级Surveys estimate that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling better after shedding tears.

调查估计，85%的女性和73%的男性在流泪后感觉好多了。

2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）

四级To help quantify (量化) the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger (汉堡包).

帮助量化(量化) 糟糕饮食的代价，我最近试图用最著名的食物汉堡来估计这种影响(汉堡包).

2015年12月英语四级考试真题（第2套）

四级To help quantify (量化) the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger（汉堡包）.

帮助量化(量化) 糟糕饮食的代价，我最近试图用最著名的食物汉堡来估计这种影响(汉堡包）.

2020年7月大学英语四级真题

考研But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life," the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.

但现在人们意识到，其中一些材料的供应是有限的，甚至可以对它们的“预期寿命”做出合理的估计，即耗尽这些材料的所有已知来源和储量所需的时间。

1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研But in the case of minerals it is especially difficult to give a reliable estimate of reserves because surveys have not been completed and it is not certain that all sources are known.

但就矿物而言，特别难以对储量做出可靠的估计，因为调查尚未完成，也不确定所有来源都是已知的。

1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?

考虑到这一切，我们可以合理地估计2001年的超市会是什么样子？

1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent.

国家癌症研究所估计，到2000年，这一数字将达到75%。

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研America’s capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

例如，今年早些时候，美国的产能利用率达到了历史最高水平，其失业率（8月份为5.6%）已低于大多数对自然失业率的估计——过去通货膨胀率低于自然失业率。

1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.

经合组织在其最新的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价全年平均为每桶22美元，而1998年为每桶13美元，那么富裕经济体的石油进口账单只会增加GDP的0.25-0.5%。

2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.

他们的方法并不试图估计海洋特定地区鱼类的实际生物量（活生物物质的量），而是估计生物量随时间的变化。

2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题